SS-31 15mg

Description

Strength: 15mg
CAS: 736992-21-5
Chemical Formula: C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅
Molecular weight: 639.8 g/mol
Peptide Sequence: D-Arg-dimethyl-Tyr-Lys-Phe-NH2
Synonyms: MTP-131, Elamipretide
Storage: Store 2–8 °C (≤–20 °C long-term). RT exposure during transport acceptable. Protect from light.
Shelf life: 24 months from the manufacturing date.

SS-31 (15mg) is a synthetic tetrapeptide composed of D-Arg-(2,6-dimethyl)Tyr-Lys-Phe-amide, where Dmt (2,6-dimethyltyrosine) is a modified tyrosine residue with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging properties. SS-31 is also known in research literature as elamipretide, and has previously been referenced as MTP-131 or Bendavia.

The SS-31 peptide has a molecular weight of 639.8 Da, molecular formula C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅, and CAS Number 736992-21-5. It is classified as a mitochondria-targeted peptide that selectively accumulates in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where its primary molecular target, cardiolipin, is localized. This selective accumulation is driven by the peptide’s net 3+ positive charge, enabling electrostatic binding to cardiolipin’s anionic headgroups.

This product is supplied as a high-purity, lyophilized powder in a sealed research-grade vial and is intended exclusively for laboratory research use.

• Cardiolipin-targeted mitochondrial peptide
• Defined tetrapeptide structure with Dmt-mediated ROS scavenging
• Selective localization to the inner mitochondrial membrane
• Studied in in vitro and preclinical mitochondrial research models
• Supports investigations of bioenergetics and oxidative stress
• Stable formulation for consistent laboratory handling
• For laboratory research use only

SS-31 is investigated for its specific interaction with cardiolipin within the inner mitochondrial membrane and its role in maintaining mitochondrial structural integrity under stress. A central focus of research is inhibition of cardiolipin peroxidation, an early event that can trigger mitochondrial dysfunction, including cristae disruption, electron transport chain (ETC) impairment, and loss of membrane potential.

By stabilizing cardiolipin-dependent cristae architecture, SS-31 supports proper ETC complex organization and improves electron transfer efficiency, which reduces electron leakage and limits mitochondrial ROS generation. These effects are closely linked to the preservation of ATP synthesis capacity in stressed experimental systems.

Research also shows that SS-31 helps prevent the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), a key regulator of mitochondrial fate during oxidative or ischemic stress. By maintaining inner-membrane integrity and reducing oxidative stress, SS-31 supports mitochondrial membrane potential and limits cytochrome c release. By doing so, it limits the activation of apoptosis-related pathways.

An additional mechanism arises from direct ROS scavenging by Dmt residues, which neutralize free radicals through oxidative coupling reactions, providing localized antioxidant protection within mitochondria.

Experimental applications include studies using isolated mitochondria, cultured cardiac (H9c2), renal (HK-2), and neuronal (SH-SY5Y) cell lines, synaptosomal preparations, and rodent models of ischemia–reperfusion injury, metabolic stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. SS-31 demonstrates preferential activity in damaged mitochondria, with minimal effects reported in unstressed systems.

In in vitro studies, SS-31 is commonly evaluated at concentrations ranging from 10–100 nM for longer-term exposure models and 1–50 μM for acute stress paradigms, depending on the experimental design and measured endpoints. Preclinical studies apply weight-based dosing (mg/kg) tailored to the injury model and route of administration.

Reported research endpoints include:

• Mitochondrial membrane potential (e.g., TMRM, JC-1)
• ATP production and recovery kinetics
• Mitochondrial ROS levels
• Cristae structure and mitochondrial morphology
• Cardiolipin peroxidation status
• Cytochrome c localization
• Markers of mPTP opening
• Electron transport chain activity
• Apoptosis-related signaling markers

These findings inform experimental design in laboratories that order SS-31 peptide and remain limited to controlled research environments.

Store SS-31 (15mg) in its lyophilized form at –20°C or below, protected from light and moisture. Reconstituted solutions should be prepared using sterile laboratory techniques and used in accordance with established protocols. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles to preserve peptide integrity.

This product is intended for use by trained laboratory personnel only. Laboratories that buy SS-31 peptide should handle it in accordance with applicable research safety and regulatory guidelines.

References

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11409442/

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3736700/

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7334473/

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11816484/

Compliance Notice

This product is intended for laboratory research use only and is not approved for human or veterinary use.